Theoretical Foundation
Biot-Savart Law
The Biot-Savart law is used to compute the magnetic field generated by a constant electric current. It relates the magnetic field to the magnitude, direction, length, and proximity of the electric current.
dB = (μ₀ / 4π) * (I * dl x r̂) / r²
This law is fundamental in magnetostatics, playing a role similar to that of Coulomb's law in electrostatics.
Ampere's Law
Ampere's circuital law relates the integrated magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop's surface.
∮ B ⋅ dl = μ₀ * Ienc
It is particularly useful for calculating the magnetic field of symmetric current distributions, such as an infinite straight wire or a solenoid.